The Role of Energy Transition and International Tourism in Mitigating Environmental Degradation: Evidence from SEE Countries

Since curbing the upward trend of energy consumption has become a global pursuit in achieving environmental sustainability, macroeconomic factors such as transition and international tourism may be crucial importance mitigating degradation. However, combined role economic welfare, population, tourism, towards degradation not been investigated extensively. In this regard, study looks at interplay between these variables for panel ten southeastern Europe (SEE) countries, covering period 1997–2018 under umbrella Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon. Two indicators degradation, namely, ecological footprint carbon intensity, were used study. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with Driscoll–Kraay (DK) Method Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) fixed effects to disclose following outcomes: firstly, degradation–economic welfare nexus firmly established an inverted U-shaped relationship, thereby depicting validity EKC hypothesis. Secondly, manifest negative effects: they induce Thirdly, impact population is positive but significant. Given empirical outcomes, are proposed critical inspected sample countries.